Abstract
Nutraceuticals possess several health benefits and functions; however, most nutraceuticals are prone to degradation in the gastrointestinal environment and have poor bioavailability. Application of a novel carrier system is of increasing importance to overcome obstacles and provide efficient applicability. Lipid-based nanocarriers provide a large surface-to-mass ratio, enhanced intestinal absorption by solubilization in the intestinal milieu, intestinal lymphatic transport, and altering enterocyte-based transport. A critical overview of the current limitation, preparation, and application of lipid-based nanocarriers (liposomes and niosomes) and lipid nanoparticles (SLNs and NLCs) is discussed. Physical and gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of nanoencapsulated nutraceuticals are considered as well.
Highlights
The interest of public and health professionals has been drawn to the importance of nutraceuticals for the prevention of chronic diseases and has resulted in a huge demand for nutraceutical products
Lipid nanocarriers cover a vast technique, only selected lipid nanocarriers were reported for its successful commercialization, including nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), niosomes, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) [7]
A phase 1 study establishing the safety of intrapleural administration of liposomal curcumin (LipoCurc) as a palliative treatment for malignant pleural effusion A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of curcumin on BDNF levels in otherwise healthy adults A comparison of the plasma levels and safety of coenzyme Q10 from four different formulations in healthy adult volunteers The impact of micelle size and increased absorption of ubiquinone using a novel delivery system (AquaCelle®) A self-emulsifying omega-3 ethyl ester formulation (AquaCelle) significantly improves eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid bioavailability in healthy adults Trans-resveratrol oral bioavailability in humans using LipiSperseTM dispersion technology
Summary
The interest of public and health professionals has been drawn to the importance of nutraceuticals for the prevention of chronic diseases and has resulted in a huge demand for nutraceutical products. A wide range of essential bioactives/nutraceuticals in nature possess hydrophobic characteristics, including phenolic compounds, essential oils and fatty acids, carotenoids, and insoluble vitamins, and such hydrophobic bioactives are essential for the human health. These poorly soluble characteristics of bioactive compounds eventually reduce the bioavailability and sustainability [8]. The object of this manuscript is to highlight the potential of lipidbased nanocarriers for the effective delivery of nutraceuticals These lipid-based nanocarriers cover a wide range of techniques, including liposomes, ethosomes, Pickering emulsions, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles. This review was limited to the preparation methods, stability, and absorption mechanism of vesicular nanocarriers (liposomes and niosomes) and particulate systems (SLNs/NLCs)
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