Abstract
Lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidic acid or lysophosphatidylcholine, are important bioactive lipids, involved in various normal and pathological cellular processes. They also have industrial and pharmaceutical uses such as emulsifiers or components of drug delivery systems. Lipases, which natural substrates are long chain triacylglycerols, are important biocatalysts for organic synthesis mainly due to their broad substrate specificity and their ability to display high catalytic activity in organic media. This paper describes the various lipase-catalyzed reactions implemented for the production of lysophospholipids. They include hydrolysis or alcoholysis of phospholipids and acylation of the glycerophosphoryl moiety. Special emphasis is made on our work dealing with the production of lysophospholipids rich in dososahexaenoic acid, an important dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid via the hydrolysis of phospholipids extracted from the microalga Isochrysis galbana .
Highlights
IntroductionLysoglycerophospholipids (or lysophospholipids, LPLs) are glycerol-based lipids containing one fatty acyl moiety at either the sn or sn position and a phosphate group at the sn position
Lysoglycerophospholipids are glycerol-based lipids containing one fatty acyl moiety at either the sn1 or sn2 position and a phosphate group at the sn3 position
This paper describes the various lipase-catalyzed reactions implemented for the production of lysophospholipids
Summary
Lysoglycerophospholipids (or lysophospholipids, LPLs) are glycerol-based lipids containing one fatty acyl moiety at either the sn or sn position and a phosphate group at the sn position. LPLs circulate in the plasma mainly bound to albumin and their concentration can significantly vary in relation with some diseases They are considered as potential biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer (Fan et al, 2016) or colorectal cancer (Zhao et al, 2007). Lipases (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases, E.C.3.1.1.3) are ubiquitous enzymes which natural function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in long chain triacylglycerols. They are widely distributed among animal, plant and microbial kingdoms. Many lipases from bacterial and fungal sources are commercially available from several suppliers under either free or immobilized form
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