Lipase-catalysed formation of macrocycles by ring-opening polymerisation of ϵ-caprolactone

Abstract

Studies were undertaken to gain mechanistic information on lactone ring-opening polymerisation reactions using Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) as the catalyst and ϵ-caprolactone as the monomer. Polymerisations were performed in organic solvents as well as without solvent at 60°C. Candida antarctica lipase B catalysed concurrently with the intermolecular ring-opening polymerisation, and also the formation of macrocycles by an intramolecular condensation reaction. Candida antarctica lipase B had the highest initial rate of consumption of ϵ-caprolactone (1.2 μmol mg −1 min −1) in the bulk polymerisation, without solvent. Under these conditions, the highest average M w, 4701 D, of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) was obtained. There were small amounts of cyclic oligomers present. When comparing the polymerisations performed in dioxane, acetonitrile and THF after 24 h reaction time with the bulk polymerisation, the average M w of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) [2984, 1297, 1862 D, respectively] and the initial rates of monomer conversion of the enzyme (0.1, 0.05, 0.013 μmol mg −1 min −1, respectively) were lower, however, the formation of cyclic oligomers was high. In dioxane, macrocycles of up to 2623 D corresponding to 23 monomer units were formed, and in acetonitrile there were mostly cyclic oligomers present.