Lipari-Szabo approach as a tool for the analysis of macromolecular gadolinium(III)-based MRI contrast agents illustrated by the [Gd(EGTA-BA-(CH2)12)]nn+ polymer.

Abstract

The parameters governing the water proton relaxivity of the [Gd(EGTA-BA-(CH2)12)]nn+ polymeric complex were determined through global analysis of 17O NMR, EPR and nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) data [EGTA-BA2- = 3,12-bis(carbamoylmethyl)- 6,9-dioxa-3,12-diazatetradecanedioate(2-)]. The Lipari-Szabo approach that distinguishes the global motion of the polymer (tau g) from the local motion of the Gd(III)-water vector (tau l) was necessary to describe the 1H and 17O longitudinal relaxation rates; therefore for the first time it was included in the global simultaneous analysis of the EPR, 17O NMR and NMRD data. The polymer consists on average of only five monomeric units, which limits the intramolecular hydrophobic interactions operating between the (CH2)12 groups. Hence the global rotational correlation time is not very high (tau g298 = 3880 +/- 750 ps) compared to the corresponding DTPA-BA-based polymer (about 15 monomeric units), where tau g298 = 6500 ps. As a consequence, the relaxivity is limited by the rotation, which precludes the advantage obtained from the fast exchanging chelating unit (kex298 = 2.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(6) s-1).