Linseed Components Are More Effective Than Whole Linseed in Reversing Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats.

Siti Raihanah Shafie,Lindsay Brown,Sunil K Panchal,Stephen Wanyonyi

doi:10.3390/nu11071677

Siti Raihanah Shafie, Lindsay Brown + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071677

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Jul 22, 2019
Citations: 12	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Southern Queensland

Abstract

Linseed is a dietary source of plant-based ω–3 fatty acids along with fiber as well as lignans including secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). We investigated the reversal of signs of metabolic syndrome following addition of whole linseed (5%), defatted linseed (3%), or SDG (0.03%) to either a high-carbohydrate, high-fat or corn starch diet for rats for the final eight weeks of a 16–week protocol. All interventions reduced plasma insulin, systolic blood pressure, inflammatory cell infiltration in heart, ventricular collagen deposition, and diastolic stiffness but had no effect on plasma total cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, or triglycerides. Whole linseed did not change the body weight or abdominal fat in obese rats while SDG and defatted linseed decreased abdominal fat and defatted linseed increased lean mass. Defatted linseed and SDG, but not whole linseed, improved heart and liver structure, decreased fat vacuoles in liver, and decreased plasma leptin concentrations. These results show that the individual components of linseed produce greater potential therapeutic responses in rats with metabolic syndrome than whole linseed. We suggest that the reduced responses indicate reduced oral bioavailability of the whole seeds compared to the components.

Highlights

Linseed or flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has widely reported health benefits from studies with many forms including whole or ground seeds, oil, defatted meal, and mucilage extracts [1,2]
Our results show that addition of defatted linseed or secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) improved metabolic parameters and the structure function theaddition heart and as we previously showed with linseed oil [14]
We suggest that the reason for these linseed decreased systolic blood pressure, left ventricular diastolic stiffness, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and collagen deposition in the heart, these changes were to a lesser extent than defatted linseed, showing reduced or absent responses in cardiovascular, hepatic structure and function, adiposity, lipid, and glucose parameters

Summary

Introduction

Linseed or flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has widely reported health benefits from studies with many forms including whole or ground seeds, oil, defatted meal, and mucilage extracts [1,2]. Processing including dehusking, crushing, milling, and defatting may increase bioavailability of individual components such as lignans and ALA [7,8,9]. It may be more beneficial to consume ground linseeds over whole linseeds. This implied difference in oral bioavailability could markedly alter the choice of linseed preparations as functional foods, since both whole linseeds and ground

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