Abstract
Different fatty acid proportions produce potential inflammatory and metabolic changes in organisms. However, the evidence for how each fatty acid mediates the metabolic pathway, and its lipid stability remains controversial. To resolve this controversy, the present study investigated the metabolic effects of cold-pressed linseed (LG), coconut (CG), and baru (BG) oils in comparison to those of soybean oil (SG) in mice, in terms of their oil characterization and stability. The quality analysis showed less oxidative behavior among PUFA-rich oils (SO, BO, and LO, with induction periods lower than 2 h compared to 39.8 h for CG), besides the high contents of tocopherols and carotenoids in SG and LG. In the experimental study, CG presented higher triglyceride (257.93 ± 72.30) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (51.59 ± 14.46, p < 0.05), while LG reduced LDL levels (59.29 ± 7.56, p < 0.05) when compared to SG (183.14 ± 22.06, 36.63 ± 4.41 and 131.63 ± 29.0, respectively). For visceral fats, the adiposity index was lower for BG (7.32 ± 3.13) and CG (9.58 ± 1.02, p < 0.05) in relation to SG (12.53 ± 2.80), and for leukocyte recruitment, CG presented lower polymorphonuclear (PMN) (p < 0.0001) and mononuclear (MN) (p < 0.05) cell infiltration, demonstrating anti-inflammatory potential. In NMR-based metabolomics, although CG presented higher values for the glucose, lactate, and LDL/VLDL ratio, this group also evidenced high levels of choline, a lipotropic metabolite. Our study emphasized the controversies of saturated fatty acids, which impair serum lipids, while alfa-linolenic acid presented cardioprotective effects. However, coconut oil also has a positive immunomodulatory pathway and was found to reduce visceral bodyfat in mice. Therefore, for future applications, we suggest a combination of lauric and al-fa-linolenic acid sources, which are present in coconut and linseed oil, respectively. This combination could be less obesogenic and inflammatory and exert cardioprotective action.
Highlights
Using randomized controlled trials, the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) demonstrated the positive impact of reducing saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to improve cardiovascular health and glycemic control after replacing SFA with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Values indicated with different letters in the same line indicate a statistical difference between these groups (p < 0.05), while the symbols indicate the value of “p”, † (p < 0.01); * (p < 0.0001), when compared to the control group (SG); n = 12 mice/group, based on one-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni test
Higher levels of glucose were observed in the baru and coconut groups in the relative Higher levels of glucose were observed in the baru and coconut groups in the relative proportion data, in contrast to the values in the linseed and soybean groups (Figure 3)
Summary
Using randomized controlled trials, the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) demonstrated the positive impact of reducing saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to improve cardiovascular health and glycemic control after replacing SFA with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Since these metabolic issues are usually related to excess adipose tissue and its endocrine activity, it is worthwhile to further evaluate and determine the impacts of lipid consumption on the functions of this organ [1]. A positive association was found with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that reduced adipocyte size, while dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) was related to an increase in fat-cell number and size [2].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
