Links and cubic 3-polytopes

Abstract

It is well known that a prime link diagram corresponds to a signed plane graph without cut vertices (Kauffman, 1989). In this paper, we present a new relation between prime links and cubic 3-polytopes. Let S be the set of links such that each L ∈ S has a diagram whose corresponding signed plane graph is the graph of a cubic 3-polytope. We show that all nontrivial prime links, except (2, n)-torus links and (p, q, r)-pretzel links, can be obtained from S by using some operation of untwining. Furthermore, we define the generalized cubic 3-polytope chains and then show that any nontrivial link can be obtained from S by some untwining operations, where S is the set of links corresponding to generalized cubic 3-polytope chains. These results are used to simplify the computation of the Kauffman brackets of links so that the computing can be done in a unified way for many infinite families of links.