Abstract
Three systems of architectural proportions will be discussed: the system of proportion based on the musical scale and used during the Renaissance; the Modulor of Le Corbusier based on the golden mean; and a Roman system of proportions based on the sacred cut. These systems will be shown to be manifestations of a unified theory of proportion based on geometric, arithmetic, and harmonic means. The three systems will be illustrated through abstract designs with reference given to architectural examples. It will also be shown that each of these systems can be described in terms of integer series.
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