Linking PM2.5 to autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

This paper elaborates the potential link between PM2.5 air pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), exploring mechanisms such as placental transmission, oxidative stress, signal transduction, and endocrine disruption. Referencing studies from Southwestern Pennsylvania, Shanghai, and animal experiments, together they reveal a consistent association between PM2.5 exposure during prenatal development and an increased risk of ASD. Mechanistically, PM2.5 is found to affect placental function, induce oxidative stress, and disrupt endocrine pathways, providing insights into potential pathways for neurodevelopmental disorders. The analysis emphasizes the impact on communities of lower socioeconomic status, where PM2.5 exposure is higher, emphasizing the need for environmental protection. Hence, global research efforts are encouraged when considering the current lack of understanding on ASD prevalence in diverse populations. In the broad scope, this work contributes to the growing amount of evidence that links environmental factors, particularly air pollution, to neuropsychiatric development, urging further exploration into the impacts of pollution on human health.