Linking myofibroblast generation and microvascular alteration: The role of CD248 from pathogenesis to therapeutic target (Review).

Abstract

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and is the pathological outcome of tissue injury in a number of disorders. Accumulation of the ECM may disrupt the structure and function of native tissues and organs, including the lungs, heart, liver and skin, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. On this basis, multiple lines of evidence have focused on the molecular pathways and cellular mechanisms involved in fibrosis, which has led to the development of novel antifibrotic therapies. CD248 is one of several proteins identified to be localized to the stromal compartment in cancers and fibroproliferative disease, and may serve a key role in myofibroblast generation and accumulation. Numerous studies have supported the contribution of CD248 to tumour growth and fibrosis, stimulating interest in this molecule as a therapeutic target. In addition, it has been revealed that CD248 may be involved in pathological angiogenesis. The present review describes the current understanding of the structure and function of CD248 during angiogenesis and fibrosis, supporting the hypothesis that blocking CD248 signalling may prevent both myofibroblast generation and microvascular alterations during tissue fibrosis.