Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a worldwide disease which has destructive effects on wheat production, resulting in severe yield reduction and quality deterioration, while FHB-infected wheat grains are toxic to people and animals due to accumulation of fungal toxins. Although impressive progress towards understanding host resistance has been achieved, our knowledge of the mechanism underlying host resistance is still quite limited due to the complexity of wheat–pathogen interactions. In recent years, disease epidemics, the resistance germplasms and components, the genetic mechanism of FHB, and disease management and control, etc., have been well reviewed. However, the resistance mechanism of FHB is quite complex with Type I, II to V resistances. In this review, we focus on the potential resistance mechanisms by linking different resistance types to multi-omics and emphasize the pathways or genes that may play significant roles in the different types of resistance. Deciphering the complicated mechanism of FHB resistance types in wheat at the integral levels based on multi-omics may help discover the genes or pathways that are critical for different FHB resistance, which could then be utilized and manipulated to improve FHB resistance in wheat breeding programs by using transgenic approaches, gene editing, or marker assisted selection strategies.
Highlights
Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is a destructive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) disease in warm and humid regions worldwide, causing premature spike death or blighting, and substantially reducing grain yield and quality [1]
We summarized and reviewed omics data collected spatio-temporally in wheat during wheat-FHB interaction and addressed the defense mechanisms of different resistance types by integrating genomics, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome-associated reports
We focused on general host responses to FHB in different resistance types rather than emphasizing case-specific host-pathogen interactions, and to identify resistance-associated genes or pathways that are critical for different FHB resistance types
Summary
Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is a destructive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) disease in warm and humid regions worldwide, causing premature spike death or blighting, and substantially reducing grain yield and quality [1]. Gong et al [6] proposed the merger of Type V into type IV resistance because of their similarity in nature to simplify the FHB resistance types, and to use the reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW) under the premise of the same disease severity as an indicator for Type IV resistance Among these types, Type II and Type III have been studied more extensively because of their significance in association with yield loss and with the degree of grain toxin contamination directly related to food safety [7]. We summarized and reviewed omics data collected spatio-temporally in wheat during wheat-FHB interaction and addressed the defense mechanisms of different resistance types by integrating genomics (here we refer to QTL), transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome-associated reports. Analyzing the mechanism of different resistance types would greatly help understand the interaction of different resistance types and discover candidate genes to breed cultivars with better FHB resistance
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