Abstract
Understanding the human brain is a "Grand Challenge" for 21st century research. Computational approaches enable large and complex datasets to be addressed efficiently, supported by artificial neural networks, modeling and simulation. Dynamic generative multiscale models, which enable the investigation of causation across scales and are guided by principles and theories of brain function, are instrumental for linking brain structure and function. An example of a resource enabling such an integrated approach to neuroscientific discovery is the BigBrain, which spatially anchors tissue models and data across different scales and ensures that multiscale models are supported by the data, making the bridge to both basic neuroscience and medicine. Research at the intersection of neuroscience, computing and robotics has the potential to advance neuro-inspired technologies by taking advantage of a growing body of insights into perception, plasticity and learning. To render data, tools and methods, theories, basic principles and concepts interoperable, the Human Brain Project (HBP) has launched EBRAINS, a digital neuroscience research infrastructure, which brings together a transdisciplinary community of researchers united by the quest to understand the brain, with fascinating insights and perspectives for societal benefits.
Highlights
The human brain is organized across different spatial scales – from molecules in the Angström and nanometer range, to cells on micrometer scales, local neuronal circuits, to whole brain networks at the centimeter scale, and functional systems underlying, for example, cognition and consciousness
As each level is unique in its organization of constituents and their activities, first principles exist and account of functional or computational architectures that hold at multiple scales
Combining the perspectives of multi-level brain organization with embodiment is relevant to capture the full scope of brain diseases and to be able to develop new therapies, and for the development of neuro-inspired technologies, and future neurorobotics
Summary
Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine. Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad. Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam. Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Gif sur Yvette, France. ICREA and Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Investigations August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR1106, Marseille 13005, France
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