Abstract
Cultivars used for wine and table grape have self-fertile hermaphrodite flowers whereas wild European vines and American and Asian species are dioecious, having either male or female flowers. Consistent with previous studies, the flower sex trait was mapped as a single major locus on chromosome 2 based on a pure Vitis vinifera population segregating for hermaphrodite and female progeny, and a hybrid population producing all three flower sex types. The sex locus was placed between the same SSR and SNP markers on both genetic maps, although abnormal segregation hampered to fine map the genomic region. From a total of 55 possible haplotypes inferred for three SSR markers around the sex locus, in a population of 132 V. sylvestris accessions and 171 V. vinifera cultivars, one of them accounted for 66 % of the hermaphrodite individuals and may be the result of domestication. Specific size variants of the VVIB23 microsatellite sequence within the 3′-UTR of a putative YABBY1 gene were found to be statistically significantly associated with the sex alleles M, H and f; these markers can provide assistance in defining the status of wild grapevine germplasm.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12033-013-9657-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Flowers of Vitis spp. are typically unisexual
Consistent with previous studies, the flower sex trait was mapped as a single major locus on chromosome 2 based on a pure Vitis vinifera population segregating for hermaphrodite and female progeny, and a hybrid population producing all three flower sex types
Genetic linkage mappings are consistent with the single-gene hypothesis and the flower-type locus has been placed as a morphological trait on linkage group (LG) 2 of several genotypes [5,6,7,8,9]
Summary
While male individuals possess erect functional anthers and lack a fully developed pistil, female flowers contain a functional pistil and either lack anthers or produce bent stamens and sterile pollen. Selective vegetative propagation of mutant self-fertile Eurasian vines (V. vinifera L.) with bisexual flowers seems to have been crucial in developing domestic grapevine [1]. According to Antcliff [3] and Carbonneau [4], the model for sex inheritance in grape involves a single major locus with three different alleles, M (male), H (hermaphrodite) and F (female), in the following dominance relationship: M [ H [ F. Genetic linkage mappings are consistent with the single-gene hypothesis and the flower-type locus has been placed as a morphological trait on linkage group (LG) 2 of several genotypes [5,6,7,8,9]
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