Abstract
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY has been widely used in wireless sensor networks. In-depth investigations on the link layer characteristics are important for WSN protocol design. In industrial environments, link reliability is vulnerable to various interferences; therefore, many schemes have been employed for reliability improvements such as multichannel access, frequency hopping, and multipath routing, which put forward the demand on link reliability models. Previous researches mainly focus on distance fading and irregularity of link reliability; however, little work analyses the temporal and frequency variations of the link reliability. The paper proposed a link layer statistical model (LTM) for time-varying of 16 channels based on packet drop rate (PDR) data collected from typical industrial environments. LTM descript packet drop intervals, PDR variation over times, PDR variation between different channels, link level switching probability and interference distribution. And also, a discussion of the influence of IEEE 802.15.4e MAC protocol simulation showed that LTM is closer to the realistic result. This paper provides a new method to model link reliability in industrial environment and is useful to the design of frequency diversity and upper layer protocols.
Highlights
Industrial wireless sensor networks have developed rapidly during recent years [1,2,3,4]
We show the statistical inference of link characteristics and their statistical features; we present the link layer statistical model and its algorithm; we discuss the protocol simulation using LTM in the last of Section 5
The experiment results are denoted as packet drop sequence (PDS) traces
Summary
Industrial wireless sensor networks have developed rapidly during recent years [1,2,3,4]. The radio environment in the factories is very harsh, because of the complicated factory layout and plentiful stationary/moving obstacles which result in strong multipath channel and time-varying interference; on the other hand, the requirement for reliability of data communication is much higher in industrial applications than that in the civilian applications, because the wireless sensor networks in the industry fields are usually mission-critical. The standards such as ISA SP100 [5], WirelessHART [5], WIAPA [6], Zigbee-Pro [7], and IEE802.15.4e [8] mainly focus on the reliable and secure industry solutions.
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