Abstract
AbstractThe IEEE802.15.4e‐2012 standard is widely used in multi‐hop wireless industrial Internet of things applications. In the time‐slotted channel hopping mode, nodes are synchronised, and time is cut into timeslots. A schedule orchestrates all communications, resulting in high reliability and low power operations. A timeslot must be long enough for a node to send a data frame to its neighbour, and for that neighbour to send back an acknowledgement. Shorter timeslots enable higher bandwidth and lower latency, yet the minimal timeslot duration is limited by how long link‐layer security operations take. We evaluate the overhead of link‐layer security in time‐slotted channel hopping networks in terms of minimal timeslot length, memory footprint and energy consumption. We implement full link‐layer security on a range of hardware platforms, exploring different hardware/software implementation strategies. Through an extensive measurement campaign, we quantify the advantage of hardware accelerations for link‐layer security and show how the minimal duration of a timeslot varies between 9 and 88ms for the most common configuration, depending on hardware support. Furthermore, we also highlighted the impact that the timeslot duration has on both high‐level application design and energy consumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) is generally envisioned as a networked system of smart interacting objects [1]
The introduction of the IoT into the manufacturing environment is leading to the emerging Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), leveraging a class of low-power wireless networks used in critical applications such as industrial process monitoring and automation
We discuss the implication for IEEE802.15.4e Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) networks
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) is generally envisioned as a networked system of smart interacting objects (i.e., sensors, machines, vehicles, smart phones, tablets, etc.) [1]. The introduction of the IoT into the manufacturing environment is leading to the emerging Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), leveraging a class of low-power wireless networks used in critical applications such as industrial process monitoring and automation. These networks are receiving significant attention from standardization bodies, and a new wave of IIoT products is hitting the market [5]. TSCH networks were introduced in 2006 in the Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol (TSMP) [6] The core of this proprietary solution was standardized in WirelessHART [7] in 2007 and in the IEEE802.15.4e TSCH amendment [8] in 2012. It is receiving lots of attention from the standardization community, for example through the IETF 6TiSCH working group [10], and widespread adoption in happening [4]
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