Abstract
The dynamic network topology of Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs) leads to challenges during communications. This becomes complicated when dealing with multiple transmission paths and relays. Conventional routing protocols proposed fail to address the dynamic issues inherent in FANETs. This work addresses it by diversifying the selection of relay in order to establish the significance of cooperative diversity technique. Inspiration is taken from bio inspired computing which assists in finding solutions to several challenging tasks. The natural behavior of the different species leads to elevated design concepts of protocols. This paper proposes GW-COOP (Gray Wolf Algorithm using Cooperative Diversity Technique) routing protocol for FANETs. This protocol consists of Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) that drives gray wolves’ social hierarchy and collaboration technique. First, we opt the design implementation of gray wolves natural posture GWO to handle flying node requirements. Second, we envision the idea of cooperative diversity using two relays to sustain either of the source-to-destination links. The design of protocol is novel in that previously such cooperation techniques are not employed in FANETs. Moreover, the concept of two relays with bio inspired algorithm is first time proposed here. In order to establish the performance of the GW-COOP protocol, this paper compares GW-COOP with two different protocols BAT-COOP (Bat Algorithm using Cooperative Diversity Technique) and BAT-FANETs protocols. The simulation results show that the GW-COOP protocol outperforms BAT-COOP protocol in terms of transmission loss, energy consumption, link delay and packet loss ratio. The results indicate improved GW-COOP performance over BAT-FANET and BAT-COOP. Approximately 67% and 52% reduction is observed in transmission losses compared to BAT-FANET and BAT-COOP respectively. Moreover, a decrease of 61% and 54% in terms of energy consumption, 24% and 9% in terms of link delay, and 58% and 48% reduction in terms of packet loss ratio, is also observed.
Highlights
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an unmanned aircraft autonomously navigated or remotely piloted without human control
The leadership hierarchy of gray wolf is employed for establishing a network followed by implementing the cooperative diversity technique
Results of GW-COOP are compared with BATFANET and BAT-COOP protocols
Summary
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an unmanned aircraft autonomously navigated or remotely piloted without human control. The drones act like radio relay providing coverage for wirelessly connected ground devices It is currently undergoing pioneering progressive improvement in terms of functionality and customization for different applications. The intrinsic ability of LoS (Line of Sight) communication can facilitate the use of high frequency and are attractive for its inexpensive high-speed deployment and a very effective complement to traditional ad hoc networks It is investigated in practice for the detection and geolocation [9], Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR’s) and efficient prediction of forest fire [10] by ensuring secure trajectories for military [11]. The enhanced iBAT-COOP routing protocol [14] is a recent development in routing of FANETs that opt for cooperative diversity This technique can be useful when implementing the disciplinary flying such as reaching the Gray Wolves’ hierarchy. This protocol takes into account Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and link condition to an effective level of handling FANET routing
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