LINGUISTIC INTERFERENCE IN GERMAN-UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN BUKOVINA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the language interference study in German-Ukrainian discourse in the early twentieth century, which is based on a comprehensive language analysis of changes in German in the Franz Porubski work "Rund um den Rathausturm und den Pruth", published in 1906. Almost 150 years of German coexistence with other languages, such as Ukrainian, Romanian, Polish, Yiddish and Russian, made its adjustments in the reproduction and language use at that time. The locals knew at least two or three languages, and since German was the state language, it penetrated mostly through the bureaucracy, conscription, press and literature. The beginning of the last century is also characterized by the fact that in Chernivtsi city started developing literary activity. Many authors were multilingual, so the interference phenomena penetrated into their works. The speaker's attempt was to make his own statements based on the native language rules and structure and to establish inappropriate connections between the two languages led to interference. Researchers consider it at the grammatical, lexical and phonological levels. The interlinguistic interference intensity depends on subjective and objective factors that do not affect it. Changes in the Bukovinian Germans speech were due to their long stay in a foreign environment and limited use of their own language. Changes took place at almost all language levels, which influenced the Bukovinian German development. Interference at the lexical level was especially noticeable. German was diluted with local realities, everyday words and interjections. A large part of the borrowed interjections were Ukrainian or Bukovinian equivalents, they were so widespread that they almost replaced the standard German ones. There was also a literal tracing of foreign phrases or morphological changes of different parts of both languages in one expression or sentence.