Abstract
Darwin (1859) considered language a form of memory that stores information in a genome-like mode. Grammar, according to cognitive science research (Boroditsky, Schmidt, & Phillips, 2003), impacts a speakers’ cognitive framework and mental representation of social reality. Gender is among the most stable grammatical features (Wichmann & Holman, 2009), and comparing languages is valuable for understanding their social role (Corbett, 2011). Such research should have significant value for international business (IB), where national variations are of focal interest but where the study of linguistics has mostly been relegated to a subset of culture. Culture-based research currently relies on aggregate values-based measures of culture (e.g., Hofstede, 1980, 1998; Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010; House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, & Gupta, 2004), making it susceptible to endogeneity problems, and contemporaneous to gender outcomes. In contrast, a language’s grammatical structure is a stable feature inherited from the distant past, unbiased by present social, political and economic forces.
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