Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios. Una enfermedad rara y poco conocida

Abstract

The aim of this review is to describe the most up-to-date concepts regarding breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, because it is a rare condition, recently described in 1997 and barely recognised in 2016 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a new pathological entity. A search was conducted in Pubmed and Medline, including all articles in English and Spanish between 2009 and 2019 that included the keywords. Until June 6, 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had received 573 case reports of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). In 2016, the WHO recognised BIA-ALCL as a unique form of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. BIA-ALCL is characterised by abnormal growth of T cells (T lymphocytes), as well as expression of the CD30 membrane receptor. The development of BIA-ALCL is a complex process that involves many risk factors, including the growth of bacterial biofilm, the surface of textured implants, the immune response and the patient's genetic characteristics. The most frequent clinical presentation is a late periprothetic seroma. The most important aspect in the treatment of BIA-ALCL is early diagnosis and complete surgical excision of the lesions, which is related to excellent prognosis and long-term survival.