Abstract

We consider solutions to the linear wave equation in the interior region of extremal Kerr black holes. We show that axisymmetric solutions can be extended continuously beyond the Cauchy horizon and, moreover, that if we assume suitably fast polynomial decay in time along the event horizon, their local energy is finite. We also extend these results to non-axisymmetric solutions on slowly rotating extremal Kerr–Newman black holes. These results are the analogues of results obtained in Gajic (Commun Math Phys 353(2), 717–770, 2017) for extremal Reissner–Nordström and stand in stark contrast to previously established results for the subextremal case, where the local energy was shown to generically blow up at the Cauchy horizon.

Highlights

  • In the precursor [23] of this paper, we established the following results for the linear wave equation, gφ = 0, (1.1)

  • Extremal Kerr–Newman spacetimes constitute a twoparameter subfamily of spacetimes, satisfying the constraint M 2 = a2 + e2; they can be viewed as a continuous family that connects the extremal Reissner– Nordstrom solutions (a2 = 0) to the extremal Kerr solutions (a2 = M 2)

  • For the analogue of (A) for axisymmetric φ in extremal Kerr–Newman spacetimes with a2 < M 2 and, for the analogues of (B) and (C) for axisymmetric φ in any extremal Kerr–Newman spacetime, Vol 18 (2017) Linear Waves in the Interior of Extremal Black Holes II 4007 we assume polynomial decay in time of φ along the event horizon that is conjectured, but has not yet been proved, to hold

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Summary

Introduction

For the analogue of (A) for axisymmetric φ in extremal Kerr–Newman spacetimes with a2 < M 2 and, for the analogues of (B) and (C) for axisymmetric φ in any extremal Kerr–Newman spacetime, Vol 18 (2017) Linear Waves in the Interior of Extremal Black Holes II 4007 we assume polynomial decay in time of φ along the event horizon that is conjectured, but has not yet been proved, to hold. Again, the decay for φ along the event horizon that is expected to hold for suitably decaying Cauchy initial data in this setting This assumption is necessary for the analogue of (A), as the required polynomial decay has not yet been proved to hold for φ (without axisymmetry) along the event horizon of slowly rotating extremal Kerr–Newman. See related conjectures in the introduction of [23]

Linear Waves in the Exterior Region of Extremal Kerr
Linear Waves in the Interior Region of Extremal Kerr–Newman
Main Ideas in the Proofs of Theorems 1–7
Part 0
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Outline
The Geometry of Extremal Kerr–Newman
Boyer–Lindquist and Kerr-star Coordinates
Double-Null Coordinates
Killing Vector Fields
The Divergence Theorem and Integration Norms
Precise Statements of the Main Theorems
Energy Estimates Along Null Hypersurfaces
Energy Estimates for Axisymmetric Solutions
Energy Estimates in Slowly Rotating Extremal Kerr–Newman
Energy Estimates in AA
Higher-Order Energy Estimates
Commutator Estimates
Uniform Boundedness of φ
Extendibility of φ in C0
Decay of Lφ
Full Text
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