Abstract
PurposeThe most common source of fluoride is from drinking water. Research comparing fluoride levels in maternal and cord blood have proved that fluoride crosses the placenta. But these results have not been correlated with the source of fluoride. ObjectiveFirstly, to assess and compare the fluoride concentrations in urine, serum and cord blood of pregnant women consuming low/optimum and high fluoride concentrations in drinking water. Secondly, application of the linear regression analysis model equation for the prediction of fluoride concentration in urine, maternal serum and cord blood of pregnant women. MethodsBased on the fluoride concentration in drinking water the subjects were divided into low/optimum and high fluoride groups. Each group consisted of 90 pregnant women. They were enrolled approximately one month prior to the due date. Fluoride was measured in their drinking water, urine, maternal serum, and cord blood. ResultsThe low/optimum fluoride concentration in drinking water as compared to urine, serum and cord blood correlated significantly (r = 0.458, 0.529, 0.473). The strength of the correlation was found to be high in high fluoride group when compared to low/optimum fluoride group (r = 0.868, 0.943, 0.695). The β values in urine, maternal serum and cord blood in low/optimum group was 0.247, 0.025, 0.017 respectively and in high fluoride group 0.773, 0.080, 0.060 respectively. ConclusionAs the fluoride concentration increases more than 1 ppm in drinking water the transfer of fluoride through urine, maternal serum and cord blood also increases. Linear regression analysis also displayed similar results.
Highlights
Fluoride [F− ], the inorganic anion of fluorine, is commonly found in the natural environment
The grouping was done in accor dance with the values of fluoride concentration in drinking water by the Indian bureau of standards.[10]
Each group consisted of 90 pregnant women recruited from JSS hospital, Mysore
Summary
Fluoride [F− ], the inorganic anion of fluorine, is commonly found in the natural environment. It is highly reactive due to its electronegativity resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic compounds. The sources of fluoride are natural and chemically synthesized. The natural sources are volcanic activity, water, food and soil. Synthe sized sources of fluoride include water (fluoridated drinking water, bottled water, perfluorinated compounds), food, soil, air and dental products like fluoridated toothpastes & mouthrinse.[1] The daily intake of fluoride for optimum dental health benefits is
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