Linear growth retardation and classroom performance of children from the city of Osasco, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the significance of linear childhood growth retardation in relation to classroom performance. It began with a Height Census carried out in the 1989 school year, involving children attending the first grade of all public and private schools in Osasco (Greater S o Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil), which identified the presence of growth retardation. Using a prospective study, classroom performance was evaluated throughout the school year in 170 children entering school and characterized by the height-for-age indice below -2 z scores (NCHS/OMS reference population) and in 205 children entering school and characterized by height-for-age above -1 z score. Classroom performance of stunted school children was lower than that of students without growth retardation. The study indicated that increased risk of school failure of those students remained the same, even after adjustment for possible confounding variables (present nutritional status and socioeconomic variables).