Abstract
In this study, drug nanocarriers were designed using linear copolymers with different contents of cholinium-based ionic liquid units, i.e., [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (TMAMA/Cl: 25, 50, and 75 mol%). The amphiphilicity of the copolymers was evaluated on the basis of their critical micelle concentration (CMC = 0.055–0.079 mg/mL), and their hydrophilicities were determined by water contact angles (WCA = 17°–46°). The chloride anions in the polymer chain were involved in ionic exchange reactions to introduce pharmaceutical anions, i.e., p-aminosalicylate (PAS−), clavulanate (CLV−), piperacillin (PIP−), and fusidate (FUS−), which are established antibacterial agents for treating lung and respiratory diseases. The exchange reaction efficiency decreased in the following order: CLV− > PAS− > PIP− >> FUS−. The hydrophilicity of the ionic drug conjugates was slightly reduced, as indicated by the increased WCA values. The major fraction of particles with sizes ~20 nm was detected in systems with at least 50% TMAMA carrying PAS or PIP. The influence of the drug character and carrier structure was also observed in the kinetic profiles of the release processes driven by the exchange with phosphate anions (0.5–6.4 μg/mL). The obtained polymer-drug ionic conjugates (especially that with PAS) are promising carriers with potential medical applications.
Highlights
Polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDS) are of great interest to the scientific community because of their various advantages
poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) containing an ionic monomer (i.e., TMAMA/Cl as M1) in combination with methyl methacrylate (MMA as M2) as a comonomer were copolymerized in different ratios (C1: 25/75, C2: 50/50, and C3: 75/25) by ATRP at 40 ◦ C
Several choline-based copolymers were synthesized by ATRP with different content of ionic units (i.e., 25%, 50%, and 75%), with the ability for self-assembly at critical micelle concentration (CMC) below
Summary
Polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDS) are of great interest to the scientific community because of their various advantages. These vehicles improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics involved in transporting the drug to the destination of therapeutic action [1,2,3,4]. Drug release can be activated by specific conditions that are characteristic of unhealthy cells, i.e., pH, temperature, or ionic strength [12,13,14,15]. The unhealthy cells usually gain higher temperature, which is exploited by temperature-responsive polymer carriers for specific behavior in the conditions of their lower or upper critical solution temperature [17]
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