Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the performance of a concentrating collector in the heating system of a residential building. Air was used as the working fluid. The heating requirements of the building were determined for each day of the year. The amount of direct irradiation reaching the absorber’s surface on all the days of the year was determined with the use of hourly meteorological data for Wroclaw, shared by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Growth. It was assumed that the collector is equipped with a tracking system working in one axis. Calculations and comparisons were made for the amount of solar irradiation for three values of the receiver’s inclination angle: β 1 =60°, β 2 =90° and β 3 =30°. Statistical method was used in order to determine the optimum inclination of the mirror and the amount of flowing air. This method involves creating a plan of experiment with three levels of changeability for two input factors. In the last stage, the amount of heat obtained from the installation during all the days of the year was analysed. The gains were juxtaposed on the diagram with the building’s heat demand. The analysis has shown that the heat requirements can be met only partially.
Highlights
The solar energy market in Poland has been dominated by flat solar collectors
To be able to conduct a detailed analysis of operation of the solar heating system the daily demand for heat in the building was calculated
It was assumed that the heating system should be activated when for 3 days in a row the temperature is below 15°C; in this case, the heating
Summary
Concentrating collectors are quite rare, and their manufacturers usually use water as the working medium. Selection of medium includes choosing appropriate construction parameters of the collector; the degree of concentration of mirror cannot be too high so that the final temperature of water obtained was not too high. In literature on the subject there is research on flat solar collectors that heat the air. Its profile is changed: fins [1, 2], wire mesh [3] or other elements such as internal beds made of scrap metal are added. This does not change the low temperature range on the basis of which flat collectors operate. Research conducted by scientists from Norway, who analysed different types of absorbers for solar concentrating parabolic dish [4], can be considered significant, whereas Turkish researchers studied the cone-shaped collector, which was used as a solar cooker [5]
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