Linear and nonlinear optical properties of new Se-based quaternary Se–Sn–(Bi,Te) chalcogenide thin films

Abstract

We are reporting the linear and nonlinear optical properties of Se-based quaternary chalcogenide Se–Sn–(Bi,Te) thin films. Thin films of bulk chalcogenide glasses, prepared by melt quenching method are deposited on glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique. The optical behavior of studied chalcogenide glass systems is investigated using transmission spectra in the spectral range of 400–2500 nm. The glasses exhibit considerable optical nonlinearities which are estimated using linear optical parameters. Linear refractive index has been calculated using well-known Swanepoel method. Wemple-DiDomenico (WDD) parameters are also reported for the investigated glasses. Optical band gap is determined using Tauc extrapolation method and is observed to increase with Sn content. The formulation proposed by Fournier and Snitzer is used to determine the nonlinear behavior of the refractive index. It is observed that n2 increases linearly with increasing n. The values of n2 are compared with pure silica and the results are 100–600 orders higher. The third-order susceptibility χ(3) is also reported in this paper. Two-photon absorption coefficient β2 is determined using optical band gap data. A strong dependence of β2 and n2 is observed on normalized photon energy () for a fixed excitation wavelength (1064 nm).