Abstract
Genera with cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs are important pathogens of various herbaceous and woody plant hosts globally. Recent multi-gene studies of this generic complex indicated that the genus Ilyonectria is paraphyletic. The present study was therefore initiated to re-evaluate the generic status of Ilyonectria and at the same time address some taxonomic irregularities in the genera Cylindrodendrum and Neonectria . Using multi-gene DNA data and morphological comparisons, the genus Dactylonectria is introduced with 10 new combinations, several of which were previously treated in Ilyonectria . Two new species, D. hordeicola and D. pinicola , are also described. Furthermore, one new combination is provided in the genus Cylindrodendrum , and three new combinations in the genus Neonectria , for species previously treated in the genera Acremonium , Cylindrocarpon , Nectria and Neonectria . The aquatic genus Heliscus is reduced to synonymy under Neonectria .
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