Abstract
A central problem in engineering of power-generating equipment, beside the quest for economy, is the problem of ensuring reliability of equipment and branched pipeline systems for circulation of process media. When analyzing causes of component failures in thermomechanical installations, flow control devices and pipelines, it should be noted that such failures most often result from dynamic loads on walls of these objects exposed to flowing media. Such loads are an immediate result of turbulent flow of the process medium. This turbulence is characterized by extremely non-uniform flow field and pressure pulsations of significant amplitude occurring in a broad band of frequencies. For that reason, this paper will be mainly concerned with the development and experimental studies of new approaches to dampening flow perturbations introduced by flow control devices, turbine stages, flow direction changes at pipeline bends, control valves of steam turbines etc. Findings are presented as specific examples showing the potential for a sharp reduction of dynamic loads on walls of various devices exposed to flowing medium. These involve both specially designed aerodynamic filters and direct action to modify flow behavior of the process medium in areas adjacent to walls. It is shown that the application of proposed pulsation dampener designs has the potential of twofold to threefold improvement in vibrational reliability of equipment and its interconnecting pipelines.
Highlights
The state of vibrations in installations and their interconnecting pipelines are determined by the magnitude of pressure pulsations caused by process medium flowing through
The a non-stationary media flow with a high amplitude of pressure pulsations runs into a slotted disc that breaks large vortex kernels into smaller vortical structures nearly evenly distributed across the passage downstream of slotted disc
The amplitude of pressure pulsations downstream of aerodynamic filter has been reduced almost 3 times while vibrational movements measured on the pipeline downstream of the filter have declined by a factor of 2, 2 times
Summary
The state of vibrations in installations and their interconnecting pipelines are determined by the magnitude of pressure pulsations caused by process medium flowing through. These works described the extent to which a non-uniform flow field brings about adverse changes in energy losses, flow, power and vibrational properties of diffusers, turbine stages, valves, exhaust manifolds and other objects All those works, with the exception of [7] did not consider the matter of counteracting the consequences of non-stationary turbulent flows arising in ducts by actively modifying these flows using various pressure pulsation dampeners (aerodynamic filters). In order to improve vibrational performance of equipment and associated piping, designers will have to ensure that flow remains attached to inner surfaces of passages as much as possible This approach may not be physically feasible for some devices owing to their structural features (e.g. passages of gate valves or rotary dampers). These approaches to countering adverse effects of pressure pulsations in a running flow will be illustrated below using specific examples
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