Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging technologies in the food and agricultural area have been evolving rapidly over the past 15 years owing to tremendous interest from both academic and industrial fields. Line-scan hyperspectral imaging is a major method that has been intensively researched and developed using different physical principles (e.g., reflectance, transmittance, fluorescence, Raman, and spatially resolved spectroscopy) and wavelength regions (e.g., visible (VIS), near infrared (NIR), and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR)). Line-scan hyperspectral imaging systems are mainly developed and used for surface inspection of food and agricultural products using area or line light sources. Some of these systems can also be configured to conduct spatially resolved spectroscopy measurements for internal or subsurface food inspection using point light sources. This paper reviews line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques, with introduction, demonstration, and summarization of existing and emerging techniques for food and agricultural applications. The main topics include related spectroscopy techniques, line-scan measurement methods, hardware components and systems, system calibration methods, and spectral and image analysis techniques. Applications in food safety and quality are also presented to reveal current practices and future trends of line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques.
Highlights
Hyperspectral imaging technique is capable of acquiring both spatial and spectral information from a target by combining traditional imaging and spectroscopy methods, making it a powerful tool for many food and agricultural applications
When a biological sample is exposed to an illumination source, a small amount of the incident light is reflected at the outer surface, causing specular reflectance
Dispersive imaging spectrographs are commercially available for different spectral regions, such as ultraviolet and visible (UV-VIS: 250–500 nm), visible (VIS: 380–800 nm), visible and near infrared (VNIR: 400–1000 nm), near infrared (NIR: 900–1700 nm), short-wavelength infrared (SWIR: 1000–2500 nm), and mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR: 3000–5000 nm)
Summary
Hyperspectral imaging technique is capable of acquiring both spatial and spectral information from a target by combining traditional imaging and spectroscopy methods, making it a powerful tool for many food and agricultural applications. This paper reviews line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques in the food and agricultural area, with an emphasis on food safety and quality applications under indoor controlled lighting conditions. There is an introduction for the spectroscopy techniques (i.e., reflectance, transmittance, fluorescence, and Raman) and line-scan hyperspectral measurement methods (i.e., imaging and spatially resolved spectroscopy) in Section 2, giving basic concepts and ground rules for the rest of the paper.
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