Abstract

espanolEl lago o ibon de Marbore es un lago alpino de alta montana (2612 m.s.n.m.), situado en el area central de los Pirineos (NE de Espana), que forma parte del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido. Este emblematico lago de origen glacial se alimenta principalmente de nieve y aguas de fusion, y su arroyo emisario da origen al rio Cinca. Las condiciones climaticas extremas que se dan en esta zona y las dificultades para muestrear y monitorizar, debido a la gruesa capa de hielo y nieve que cubre este circo glaciar durante la mayor parte del ano, han hecho que este lago no haya sido investigado en profundidad hasta el momento. Aunque existian algunos estudios paleolimnologicos mediante sondeos, hasta ahora no se habia investigado su limnologia (incluyendo limnoquimica, dinamica de estratificacion y ecologia microbiana). Este trabajo presenta los principales descubrimientos y conclusiones de un estudio llevado a cabo en el lago durante tres campanas estivales consecutivas (2013 a 2015, siempre en septiembre). Se describe su dinamica de estratificacion y su hidroquimica (incluyendo la disponibilidad de nutrientes y la dinamica de metales pesados), asi como los parametros basicos relacionados con la actividad biologica, como el consumo de oxigeno y la quimica redox. Nuestros resultados demuestran que Marbore es un lago ultra-oligotrofico y alberga una reducida actividad biologica, tipico de lagos de alta montana. Al comienzo del periodo de deshielo se desarrolla una ligera estratificacion, con pequenos gradientes verticales de temperatura (3-11 oC) y conductividad electrica (60-100 µS/cm) entre el fondo (situado a aproximadamente 28 m de profundidad) y la superficie del lago. El pH actual (entre 7.0 y 7.8, inferior a medidas previas) no es compatible con la formacion de calcita en la columna de agua, resultado coherente con la mineralogia del registro sedimentario. El resultado geoquimico mas interesante es, sin embargo, la presencia de concentraciones significativas de metales traza disueltos (Fe y Zn) y sulfatos, junto con particulas minerales en suspension (incluidos sulfatos), cerca de la termoclina. Estas altas concentraciones sugieren que la oxidacion local de sulfuros influye sobre la quimica del lago. EnglishLake Marbore (or Ibon de Marbore) is a high-altitude (2612 m a.s.l.) alpine lake situated in the central area of the Pyrenees range (NE Spain), which forms part of Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park. This emblematic lake of glacial origin is chiefly fed by snow and meltwater, and the outlet is the headwaters of the Cinca River. Given the extreme climatic conditions prevailing in the area and the difficulty of sampling and monitoring due to the thick layer of ice and snow that covers the cirque most of the year, this lake has been the subject of very little scientific research. Although some paleolimnological studies have been performed on sediment cores, no previous investigation has been carried out on the limnology (including limnochemistry, stratification dynamics and microbial ecology) of this lake. This work presents the main findings and conclusions that have emerged from a recent study conducted in the lake over the course of three summer campaigns (2013 to 2015, always in September). We report the stratification dynamics and water chemistry of this lake (including the nutrient availability and trace metal dynamics), as well as basic parameters related to the biological activity, such as O2 consumption and redox chemistry. Our results show that Marbore is ultra-oligotrofic and hosts very low biological activity, typical of high mountain lakes. A slight stratification developed at the beginning of the ice-free period, with small vertical gradients in temperature (3-11 oC) and electrical conductivity (60-100 µS/cm) between the bottom (situated at approximately 28 m depth) and the lake surface. The current pH (between 7.0 and 7.8, which is lower than previous measurements) is not compatible with the formation of calcite in the water column. This finding is coherent with the mineralogy of the sedimentary record. The most interesting geochemical finding, however, relates to the presence of significant concentrations of dissolved trace metals (Fe and Zn) and sulfate, along with suspended mineral particles (including sulfates), near the thermocline. These high concentrations suggest that local sulfide oxidation processes influence the lake chemistry.

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