Abstract

We study a model of random R-enriched trees that is based on weights on the R-structures and allows for a unified treatment of a large family of random discrete structures. We establish distributional limits describing local convergence around fixed and random points in this general context, limit theorems for component sizes when R is a composite class, and a Gromov–Hausdorff scaling limit of random metric spaces patched together from independently drawn metrics on the R-structures. Our main applications treat a selection of examples encompassed by this model. We consider random outerplanar maps sampled according to arbitrary weights assigned to their inner faces, and classify in complete generality distributional limits for both the asymptotic local behaviour near the root-edge and near a uniformly at random drawn vertex. We consider random connected graphs drawn according to weights assigned to their blocks and establish a Benjamini–Schramm limit. We also apply our framework to recover in a probabilistic way a central limit theorem for the size of the largest 2-connected component in random graphs from planar-like classes. We prove Benjamini–Schramm convergence of random k-dimensional trees and establish both scaling limits and local weak limits for random planar maps drawn according to Boltzmann-weights assigned to their 2-connected components.

Highlights

  • AND MAIN RESULTS7.3 Proofs for the results on Schroder enriched parenthesizations in Section 6.4 . . 847.8 Proofs of the applications to random weighted dissections in Section 6.7.3 . . . 1237.10 Proofs of the applications to random weighted planar maps in Section 6.7.5 . . 127

  • Some focus was put on local weak convergence, which describes the behaviour of neighbourhoods around random points [12, 100, 40, 37, 20, 90, 27]

  • Our main application will be to face-weighted random outerplanar maps in Section 6.7.1, for which we characterize different limit graphs depending on whether we look at the vicinity of the root-edge or of a uniformly at random drawn vertex

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Summary

AND MAIN RESULTS

7.8 Proofs of the applications to random weighted dissections in Section 6.7.3 . 7.10 Proofs of the applications to random weighted planar maps in Section 6.7.5 . 7.10 Proofs of the applications to random weighted planar maps in Section 6.7.5 . . 127

Introduction and main results
BACKGROUND
Graphs
Planar maps
Local weak convergence
Gromov–Hausdorff convergence
Convergence of simply generated trees
Random plane trees
Types of weight sequences
The modified Galton–Watson tree
Local convergence
The continuum random tree
Convergence toward the continuum random tree
COMBINATORIAL SPECIES AND WEIGHTED BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTIONS 18
Combinatorial species and weighted Boltzmann distributions
Weighted combinatorial species
Operations on species
Substitution
Restriction
Interplay between the operators
Weighted Boltzmann distributions and samplers
Boltzmann samplers
PROBABILISTIC TOOLS
Projective limits of probability spaces
A central local limit theorem
A deviation inequality
A probabilistic study of tree-like discrete structures
Prominent examples of weighted R-enriched trees
Random block-weighted graphs
Random dissections of polygons and Schroder enriched parenthesizations
Random outerplanar maps with face weights or block weights
Random planar maps with block-weights
Random k-dimensional trees
Simply generated trees with leaves as atoms
Local convergence of random enriched trees near the root node
Convergence of random enriched trees that are centered at a random vertex
The space of pointed plane trees
The limit objects
Convergence of the vicinity of a random node
Schroder N -enriched parenthesizations
Sample a random plane tree τn with n leaves according to
Giant components in Gibbs partitions
The convergent case
The superexponential case
Extremal component sizes
Applications to random weighted outerplanar maps
Applications to random block-weighted graphs
Applications to random dissections
Section 3.1.2.
Let F denote the random integer with distribution given by
Applications to random k-trees
Applications to random planar maps
Patching together discrete semi-metric spaces
Scaling limits and a diameter tail-bound
PROOFS
Applications
Proofs
Full Text
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