Abstract
Wavefront shaping holds great potential for high-resolution imaging or light delivery either through or deep inside living tissue. However, one of the biggest barriers that must be overcome to unleash the full potential of wavefront shaping for practical biomedical applications is the fact that wavefront shaping, especially based on iterative feedback, requires lengthy measurements to obtain useful correction of the output wavefront. As biological tissues are inherently dynamic, the short decorrelation time sets a limit on the achievable wavefront shaping enhancement. Here we show that for wavefront shaping in thin anisotropic scattering media such as biological tissues, we can optimize the wavefront shaping quality by simply limiting the numerical aperture (NA) of the incident wavefront. Using the same number of controlled modes, and therefore the same wavefront measurement time, we demonstrate that the wavefront shaped focus peak to background ratio can be increased by a factor of 2.1 while the energy delivery throughput can be increased by a factor of 8.9 through 710 µm thick brain tissue by just limiting the incident NA.
Highlights
Optical imaging holds unique strengths for direct observation of life and disease due to the high spatiotemporal resolution, molecular specificity, and safety of nonionizing radiation
Due to the efficient wavefront shaping, we achieve a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast in imaging through thick brain tissue slices
It is well known that in contrast to adaptive optics, the size of the corrected focus for wavefront shaping is dependent on the detection numerical aperture (NA) rather than the controllable incident NA [44,45,46,47,48]
Summary
Optical imaging holds unique strengths for direct observation of life and disease due to the high spatiotemporal resolution, molecular specificity, and safety of nonionizing radiation. If (1) we can generate a target feedback signal at the position of interest, (2) measure the distorted emanating wavefront, and (3) play back the phase conjugate of the measured wavefront, we can obtain a tight focus at the target position either through or deep inside turbid media. As this entire sequence of events is required for successful focusing, advances in each step can bring new innovations, such as enabling
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
