Abstract
Clinical question. In patients undergoing implant placement, are patients who smoke versus those who do not at higher risk of experiencing implant failure, postoperative infection, and greater marginal bone loss? Review methods. In September 2014, the reviewers searched, with no time or language restrictions, in 3 databases; manually searched 19 dental implant-related journals; and searched 3 online databases for ongoing clinical trials. They checked the reference lists of identified studies and relevant reviews for additional articles. They included all randomized or nonrandomized clinical human studies that provided outcome data for dental implant failure in smokers and nonsmokers with no follow-up restrictions in any group of patients of any age, race, or sex. In this systematic review, the reviewers defined smokers as patients who smoked a minimum of 1 cigarette per day and implant failure as the
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