Limit cycle bifurcations near a double homoclinic loop with a nilpotent saddle of order m

Abstract

In this paper, we study the explicit expansion of the first order Melnikov function near a double homoclinic loop passing through a nilpotent saddle of order m in a near-Hamiltonian system. For any positive integer m(m≥1), we derive the formulas of the coefficients in the expansion, which can be used to study the limit cycle bifurcations for near-Hamiltonian systems. In particular, for m=2, we use the coefficients to consider the limit cycle bifurcations of general near-Hamiltonian systems and give the existence conditions for 10, 11, 13, 15 and 16 (11, 13 and 16, respectively) limit cycles in the case that the homoclinic loop is of cuspidal type (smooth type, respectively) and their distributions. As an application, we consider a near-Hamiltonian system with a nilpotent saddle of order 2 and obtain the lower bounds of the maximal number of limit cycles.