Abstract
Due to the biomagnifying effect in the food chains, heavy metals will cause serious harm to the food produced in paddy soil, and then threaten human health. The remediation of soil heavy metals by the addition of amendments is a common method. However, the combination of the two amendments has been less studied and its effect is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of a lime and calcium-magnesium phosphate (CMP) amendments metal availability and paddy soil bacteria biodiversity. The experiment proves that the addition of 0.5 and 1.0‰ amendment can effectively reduce cadmium (Cd) availability and the cadmium content in rice to be below 0.2 mg/kg, meeting the national food safety level. The results demonstrate that increasing pH and phosphorous (P) in soil were two important factors decreasing available cadmium. Furthermore, biodiversity analysis of the treated soil showed that the amendment increased biodiversity. Proteobacteria and Chloroflex were the most abundant bacteria at the phylum level, followed by Acidobacterium and Nitrospirae. The abundance of Bacterodietes-vadinHA17, Syntrophaceae, and Thiobacillus increased as phosphorous increased. Cadmium passivation might induce those species.
Highlights
The results showed that amendment could increase the yield and biomass of rice by increasing the effective tiller number (Wang et al, 2020)
Heavy metals and nutrition are two key parameters affecting biodiversity (Xie et al, 2016). These results indicated that the application of amendment has obvious effects on soil biological community structure
Magnesium, manganese, and zinc were supplied for rice, this amendment greatly decreased the iron, copper, and cadmium bioavailable content in soil
Summary
Cadmium has a strong ability to migrate. Cadmium entering the soil is absorbed by crops and enters the human body through the food chain, endangering human health (Singh et al, 2021). In recent decades the soil in southern China’s paddy fields has become increasingly acidified (Shi et al, 2020). One of China’s most important food sources, has a strong ability to accumulate cadmium (Mao et al, 2019). Long-term consumption of rice containing high levels of cadmium can harm the human body, for example, by causing “Itai-itai disease” (Li et al, 2019). It is imperative to find ways to reduce cadmium concentration in paddy field soil, in southern China
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