Lime and Limestone

Abstract

AbstractLimestone is a naturally occurring mineral that consists principally of calcium carbonate. It generally contains magnesium carbonate as a secondary component. Limestone is found in many forms and is classified in terms of its origin, chemical composition, structure, and geological formation. Deposits are distributed widely throughout the world.The lime and limestone industries have generated many traditional expressions. Definitions covering the most common terms are given. Physical and chemical properties of limestone vary so many of the properties discussed here are to be considered typical. Over 95% of limestone is produced by open‐cast quarrying. Limestone is a major mineral product. In most countries, the primary use of limestone is as crushed rock for construction and building mainly as an aggregate and filler. The manufacture of cement is the second largest use.Only a small proportion of limestone deposits has the necessary properties for the production of quicklime. The factors required for quicklime production are given. Production and processing of quicklime, ground quicklime, slaked lime, milk of lime, and lime putty are detailed. Lime products have many uses in, steel manufacture, chemical and food industries, industrial processes, building materials, environmental protection, and agriculture. Lime producers typically market a relatively large number of grades of lime.Most countries have their own standards for sampling, sample preparation, and testing. European, American, and British standards are given as examples.Calcium carbonate and calcium magnesium carbonate are nonhazardous substances. The main environmental issues associated with lime and limestone products are the noise and vibration from quarrying and energy use. Recycling and disposal issues are discussed.