Lima Bean (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Phaseolus lunatus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Protein Hydrolysates with ACE-I Inhibitory Activity

Luis Chel-Guerrero,David Betancur-Ancona,Alma Martínez-Ayala,Mario Domínguez-Magaña,Gloria Dávila-Ortiz

doi:10.4236/fns.2012.34072

Abstract

Several protein sources can be used to produce bioactive peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibittory activity. Protein concentrates from ungerminated and germinated lima bean Phaseolus lunatus seed flours were hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4 L or pepsin-pancreatin sequential hydrolysis, and ACE inhibitory activity measured in the different hydrolysis treatments. Protein hydrolysate production was analyzed with a 23 factorial design with four replicates of the central treatment. Evaluated factors were protein concentrate source (ungerminated seeds, PC1; germinated seeds, PC2), enzyme/substrate ratio E/S (1/50 or 1/10) and hydrolysis time (0.5 or 2.0 h for Alcalase; 1 or 3 h for pepsin-pancreatin). Degree of hydrolysis (DH) was high for the Alcalase hydrolysates (24.12% 58.94%), but the pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.250 0.692 mg/mL). Under the tested conditions, the hydrolysates with the highest ACE inhibitory activity were produced with sequential pepsin-pancreatin using either PC1 at 1 h hydrolysis time and a 1/10 E/S ratio or PC2 at 1 h hydrolysis time and a 1/50 E/S ratio. Lima bean protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase or pepsin-pancreatin are a potential ingredient in the production of physiologically functional foods with antihypertensive activity.

Highlights

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and other cardiovascular diseases
Lima bean protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase or pepsin-pancreatin are a potential ingredient in the production of physiologically functional foods with antihypertensive activity
Protein concentrates from ungerminated and germinated Phaseolus lunatus seeds are good sources of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides when hydrolyzed with the proteases Alcalase or pepsin-pancreatin

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Among other strategies, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) are used in the prevention of hypertension and congestive heart failure [1]. The primary plant sources are proteins from legume seeds such as mung bean [10], soybean [11,12], pea [13], and chickpea [14]; oilseeds such as rapeseed [15,16]; and cereal crop derivatives such as maize gluten, wheat germ and buckwheat [7]. These studies involve hydrolysate and peptide extraction with commercial enzymes (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, pepsin, pancreatin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, neutrace, etc.) at different hydrolysis times and enzyme/substrate ratios. Enzymatic hydrolysis is preferred since it can improve the physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of native proteins

Methods

Results

Conclusion