Abstract
High-temperature liquid metal lithium batteries occupy a highly important position in the field of energy storage. Lithium batteries are long-lasting and have high energy storage efficiency. However, the development of new liquid metal lithium batteries are plagued by dangerous conditions and high operating temperatures. In this study, we report a new methodology for the creation of liquid metal batteries (LMBs) using either LiI-KI or LAGP as an electrolyte and Bi–Sn as a positive electrode to lower the operation temperature of Li-based LMBs and achieve long-term stability. We show that the assembled Li||LiI-KI || Bi–Sn and Li||LAGP||Bi–Sn cells stably cycle at an intermediate temperature less than 300 °C at current densities of 50 mA/cm2 to 300 mA/cm2, respectively, with almost no capacity decay and an average coulombic efficiency of 97–98%. Our design opens new avenues for the development of energy storage technologies.
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