Lignosulfonate, A Promising Biomass-Based Building Block in the Preparation of Recyclable Nanocomposite and Its Application in Condensation Reactions

Abstract

Lignosulfonate is an efficient biomass-based building block, formed an efficient Fe3O4@LS nanocomposite with enormous applications. Concerning environmental and economic aspects, our research focused on the application of Fe3O4@LS nanocomposite as the metal-free catalyst in the synthesis of 4H-pyrans and 4-phenyl-pyridines. The structure and morphology of Fe3O4@LS nanocomposite were completely characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), vibration-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and back titration method. Also, the structure of synthesized 4H-pyrans and 4-phenyl-pyridines were characterized by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and their melting points. This procedure has significant advantages included into high yields, short reaction time and easy operation.