Abstract
The valorization study of the largely available corn stover waste biomass after pretreatment with deep eutectic solvent (DES) for biomethane production in one-liter glass bioreactors by anaerobic digestion for 21 days was presented. Ammonium thiocyanate and urea deep eutectic solvent pretreatments under different conditions in terms of the components ratio and temperature were examined on corn stover waste biomass. The lignocellulose biomass was characterized in detail for its chemistry and morphology to determine the effect of the pretreatment on the natural biocomposite. Furthermore, the implications on biomethane production through anaerobic digestion with different loadings of corn stover biomass at 35 g/L and 50 g/L were tested. The results showed an increase of 48% for a cumulative biomethane production for a DES-pretreated biomass, using a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2 at 100 °C for 60 min, which is a strong indication that DES-pretreatment significantly enhanced biomethane production.
Highlights
The bio-based economy, an emerging concept that advances new uses of bioresources, is one of the main future drivers of sustainable economic growth, a big contributor to the 2030 UN Sustainable development goals agenda, and the focus in the transition to a fossil-free society [1]
The yield recoveries of the deep eutectic solvent (DES)-treated corn stover samples are shown in Table 1, which ranged from 81.8% to 86.3% with sample H having the lowest value (81.8%) while sample A had the highest (86.3%) followed by sample B (85.6%)
The increase in crystallinity index (CrI) is in agreement with the results reported for cotton stalk pretreated with different pretreatment methods by Zhang et al [50]
Summary
The bio-based economy, an emerging concept that advances new uses of bioresources, is one of the main future drivers of sustainable economic growth, a big contributor to the 2030 UN Sustainable development goals agenda, and the focus in the transition to a fossil-free society [1]. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is highly preferred for energy generation and waste disposal because of its adaptability and sustainability [5]. After AD of the biomass, two major products are obtained: biogas, consisting mainly of CH4 and CO2 (60–40%), and digestates. In order to obtain biomethane, biogas upgrading—a process of removing CO2 —is required. Six main upgrading techniques are used: water scrubbing, physical scrubbing, chemical scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption, membrane technology, and cryogenic separation, all well-analyzed by Carranza-Abid et al [6]. When CO2 is separated from biomethane, various carbon capture and storage techniques and more sustainable carbon capture and utilization techniques have been proposed. Baena-Moreno et al searched for an added-value product from CO2 and obtained CaCO3 through the precipitation of FGD gypsum from
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