Lignocellulosic biomass based biorefinery: A successful platform towards circular bioeconomy

Abstract

Biorefining of second-generation feedstock gains more attention to improve the living standards and promote circular bioeconomy. The biorefinery concept made an effort to make the environmentally sustainable and economical products. Lignocellulosic biomass is widely available and extensively tested feedstock to produce biofuels, bioenergy and different value- products. By the integration of process to fractionate the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose can add more values in the process chain that required integration and optimized technologies followed by life cycle analysis and economic assessment. The life cycle and economic analysis together assess the impacts on environment, economic and all the impacts which are involved indirectly throughout the product stages from cradle to grave. The improvement and integration of the current biorefinery process recommends the newer and sustainable bio-economy and will replace the fossil fuels with the renewable reserve. In techno-economic perspective, the optimization of integrated technologies for the production of biofuels and other bioproducts have still to be optimized for efficient production. The proper adoption of pretreatment methods increases the economic value in biorefinery process. The main aim of this review is to summarize the three key research areas that required more attentions, they are; (a) valorization of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose into value added products, (b) integrated biorefinery approach and process optimization; and (c) circular bioeconomy and its future perspective. This review concludes that the lignocellulosic integrated biorefinery approach is feasible to support the circular bioeconomy, through which number of value products could be derived.