Ligninolytic Enzyme Production and Decolorization Capacity of Synthetic Dyes by Saprotrophic White Rot, Brown Rot, and Litter Decomposing Basidiomycetes.

Ivana Eichlerová,Petr Baldrian

doi:10.3390/jof6040301

Abstract

An extensive screening of saprotrophic Basidiomycetes causing white rot (WR), brown rot (BR), or litter decomposition (LD) for the production of laccase and Mn-peroxidase (MnP) and decolorization of the synthetic dyes Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) was performed. The study considered in total 150 strains belonging to 77 species. The aim of this work was to compare the decolorization and ligninolytic capacity among different ecophysiological and taxonomic groups of Basidiomycetes. WR strains decolorized both dyes most efficiently; high decolorization capacity was also found in some LD fungi. The enzyme production was recorded in all three ecophysiology groups, but to a different extent. All WR and LD fungi produced laccase, and the majority of them also produced MnP. The strains belonging to BR lacked decolorization capabilities. None of them produced MnP and the production of laccase was either very low or absent. The most efficient decolorization of both dyes and the highest laccase production was found among the members of the orders Polyporales and Agaricales. The strains with high MnP activity occurred across almost all fungal orders (Polyporales, Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, and Russulales). Synthetic dye decolorization by fungal strains was clearly related to their production of ligninolytic enzymes and both properties were determined by the interaction of their ecophysiology and taxonomy, with a more relevant role of ecophysiology. Our screening revealed 12 strains with high decolorization capacity (9 WR and 3 LD), which could be promising for further biotechnological utilization.

Highlights

Many industrial applications, especially within the textile industry, represent dangerous generators of colored liquid effluent pollutants, which cause a serious hazard to the environment because of their low biodegradability
The aim of our study was to screen saprotrophic Basidiomycetes belonging to three ecophysiological groups for the relation between the enzyme activity and decolorization capacity of two chemically different synthetic dyes, Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)
Our results indicate that both enzymes cooperate in the decolorization process; low production of MnP may be compensated by high laccase production (e.g., Abortiporus biennis, Cyclocybe erebia), and vice versa (e.g., Oxyporus latemarginatus)

Summary

Introduction

Especially within the textile industry, represent dangerous generators of colored liquid effluent pollutants, which cause a serious hazard to the environment because of their low biodegradability. Synthetic dyes include chemically different compounds, which are classified, based on their chemical structure, as anthraquinone, azo-, phthalocyanine, triphenylmethane, or heterocyclic dyes. Their decolorization by physical and chemical methods is expensive, time-consuming, and methodologically demanding, and often not very effective. Basidiomycetes, is considered more promising [1,2]. Saprotrophic Basidiomycetes are considered as the most efficient decomposers of dead plant biomass in many habitats, such as deadwood, plant litter, or soil environment [3,4,5].

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