Abstract
Lignin is the second most available biopolymer on earth after cellulose which provides rigidity and microbial resistance in higher plants. Lignin has been known for its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Besides, its polyphenolic nature provides antioxidant activities. Lignin can be valorized into platform chemicals via photocatalytic, enzymatic, or chemical routes. It has long been recognized as a sustainable solution for biofuels and a valuable source for biomaterials. In this chapter, we shall discuss the structural complexity of lignin, responsible for its recalcitrant behaviour. We also discuss various strategies for the conversion of lignin into platform chemicals via photocatalytic route and enzymatic route. The biological applications of lignin for drug delivery purposes and the result of making lignin-based complexes for various pharmacological effects are discussed. In conclusion, the pros and cons of various lignin depolymerization techniques are highlighted. Further, the usage of lignin as a raw material to prepare functional materials and their applications in the biomedical field are discussed. Besides, the gaps in lignin depolymerization and biomedical applications and the future perspectives are also discussed.
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