Lignin peroxidase functionalities and prospective applications.

Ayodeji O Falade,Ezekiel Green,Leonard V Mabinya,Anthony I Okoh,Benson C Iweriebor,Uchechukwu U Nwodo

doi:10.1002/mbo3.394

Abstract

Ligninolytic extracellular enzymes, including lignin peroxidase, are topical owing to their high redox potential and prospective industrial applications. The prospective applications of lignin peroxidase span through sectors such as biorefinery, textile, energy, bioremediation, cosmetology, and dermatology industries. The litany of potentials attributed to lignin peroxidase is occasioned by its versatility in the degradation of xenobiotics and compounds with both phenolic and non‐phenolic constituents. Over the years, ligninolytic enzymes have been studied however; research on lignin peroxidase seems to have been lagging when compared to other ligninolytic enzymes which are extracellular in nature including laccase and manganese peroxidase. This assertion becomes more pronounced when the application of lignin peroxidase is put into perspective. Consequently, a succinct documentation of the contemporary functionalities of lignin peroxidase and, some prospective applications of futuristic relevance has been advanced in this review. Some articulated applications include delignification of feedstock for ethanol production, textile effluent treatment and dye decolourization, coal depolymerization, treatment of hyperpigmentation, and skin‐lightening through melanin oxidation. Prospective application of lignin peroxidase in skin‐lightening functions through novel mechanisms, hence, it holds high value for the cosmetics sector where it may serve as suitable alternative to hydroquinone; a potent skin‐lightening agent whose safety has generated lots of controversy and concern.

Highlights

The espousal for the utilization and perhaps, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of value-added products is on the increase world over, partly, due to the abundance and renewable nature of lignocellulosic biomass
In woody or herbaceous plants, the lignocellulose constituent varies in accordance with the species and in tandem with the biotic and abiotic stressor factors including environmental distress syndromes
The capability of the isolated isozymes of lignin peroxidase [LiP 4.65 (H2), LiP 4.15 (H7) and LiP 3.85 (H8)] to decolourize the test dyes in the presence of veratryl alcohol as a mediator was comparable to that of the crude enzyme which exhibited over 75% decolourization rate on the dyes

Summary

| INTRODUCTION

The espousal for the utilization and perhaps, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of value-added products is on the increase world over, partly, due to the abundance and renewable nature of lignocellulosic biomass. Microbial activities on lignocellulosic biomass during valorization process may generate industrially important products including enzymes, ethanol, organic acids, microbial polysaccharides, and vitamins. In a bid to address the challenge of lignin recalcitrance to degradation, several physicochemical pretreatment technologies have been developed to disrupt the non-cellulosic matrix and render cellulose and hemicellulose more accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis (Mosier et al, 2005). Some of these methods include steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, ozonolysis, organosolvation, and oxidative delignification (Chaturvedi & Verma, 2013). It is not without demerits which include utilization of, part of, the fermentable sugars as carbon source lowering product yield (Potumarthi, Baadhe, Nayak, & Jetty, 2013; Wan & Li, 2011)

13 | CONCLUSION

Findings

FUNDING INFORMATION