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Abstract
Polyurethane chemistry can yield diverse sets of polymeric materials exhibiting a wide range of properties for various applications and market segments. Utilizing lignin as a polyol presents an opportunity to incorporate a currently underutilized renewable aromatic polymer into these products. In this work, we will review the current state of technology for utilizing lignin as a polyol replacement in different polyurethane products. This will include a discussion of lignin structure, diversity, and modification during chemical pulping and cellulosic biofuels processes, approaches for lignin extraction, recovery, fractionation, and modification/functionalization. We will discuss the potential of incorporation of lignins into polyurethane products that include rigid and flexible foams, adhesives, coatings, and elastomers. Finally, we will discuss challenges in incorporating lignin in polyurethane formulations, potential solutions and approaches that have been taken to resolve those issues.
Highlights
PolyurethanesPolyurethanes (PUs) are a diverse class of polymers representing nearly 6% of the total global polymer market with applications that include coatings, adhesives, foams, elastomers, and fibers [1]
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a diverse class of polymers representing nearly 6% of the total global polymer market with applications that include coatings, adhesives, foams, elastomers, and fibers [1].These products are used in diverse market segments that include packaging, building and construction, automotive, electronics, and biomedical products among others
Wang et al [121] grafted long polyethylene glycol (PEG 2000) chains onto an alkali lignin and Lignin incorporated into flexible PU foams can act as both a filler [119] and crosslinking agent reported that the introduction of PEG-2000 improved the compatibility of the PEG grafted-lignin and [106]
Summary
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a diverse class of polymers representing nearly 6% of the total global polymer market with applications that include coatings, adhesives, foams, elastomers, and fibers [1]. These products are used in diverse market segments that include packaging, building and construction, automotive, electronics, and biomedical products among others. Polyurethanes had a market size of $60.5 billion in 2017 corresponding to 16.9 million tonnes of product and have seen continuous growth in recent years with annual growth rates of 8%–10% that are expected to continue into at least the near-term future [6]. The global polyol market is expected to exhibit the same strong growth as the polyurethane market, while the share of green polyols is expected to increase indicating that bio-based polyols will represent an enormous opportunity for new growth
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