Abstract
Improving the environmental performance of resins in wood treatment by using renewable chemicals has been a topic of interest for a long time. At the same time, lignin, the second most abundant biomass on earth, is produced in large scale as a side product and mainly used energetically. The use of lignin in wood adhesives or for wood modification has received a lot of scientific attention. Despite this, there are only few lignin-derived wood products commercially available. This review provides a summary of the research on lignin application in wood adhesives, as well as for wood modification. The research on the use of uncleaved lignin and of cleavage products of lignin is reviewed. Finally, the current state of the art of commercialization of lignin-derived wood products is presented.
Highlights
Lignin-Derived Compounds for Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature and the second most abundant biomass on earth [1,2,3]
Resoles are formed under alkaline conditions and in excess of formaldehyde, while novolacs are formed under acidic conditions and in excess of phenol
While there are some publications on substituting phenol in novolacs with lignin [40,41,42], to the authors’ knowledge, lignincontaining novolacs have not been applied in wood applications up to date
Summary
Lignin-Derived Compounds for Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature and the second most abundant biomass on earth [1,2,3]. Over 50 million tons of lignin are currently annually produced as a side product in the paper industry alone. Despite major research and efforts, industrial applications of lignin are still only the exception [9,10]. Due to the high phenolic content and the ability to form solid networks, the application of lignin for the treatment of wood is of interest. Until now there are only a few companies that offer wood products based on lignin [15,18]. This review provides an overview on the state of the art of research on lignin in woodrelated applications, as well as on the implementation of lignin-based wood products in the industry.
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