Abstract
In healthcare, interoperability is widely adopted in the case of cross-departmental or specialization cases. As the human body demands multiple specialized and cross-disciplined medical experiments, interoperability of business entities like different departments, different specializations, the involvement of legal and government monitoring issues etc. are not sufficient to reduce the active medical cases. A patient-centric system with high capability to collect, retrieve, store or exchange data is the demand for present and future times. Such data-centric health processes would bring automated patient medication, or patient self-driven trusted and high satisfaction capabilities. However, data-centric processes are having a huge set of challenges such as security, technology, governance, adoption, deployment, integration etc. This work has explored the feasibility to integrate resource-constrained devices-based wearable kidney systems in the Industry 4.0 network and facilitates data collection, liquidity, storage, retrieval and exchange systems. Thereafter, a Healthcare 4.0 processes-based wearable kidney system is proposed that is having the blockchain technology advantages. Further, game theory-based consensus algorithms are proposed for resource-constrained devices in the kidney system. The overall system design would bring an example for the transition from the specialization or departmental-centric approach to data and patient-centric approach that would bring more transparency, trust and healthy practices in the healthcare sector. Results show a variation of 0.10 million GH/s to 0.18 million GH/s hash rate for the proposed approach. The chances of a majority attack in the proposed scheme are statistically proved to be minimum. Further Average Packet Delivery Rate (ADPR) lies between 95% to 97%, approximately, without the presence of outliers. In the presence of outliers, network performance decreases below 80% APDR (to a minimum of 41.3%) and this indicates that there are outliers present in the network. Simulation results show that the Average Throughput (AT) value lies between 120 Kbps to 250 Kbps.
Highlights
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer distributed data-ledger network constructed using consensus
The results show that the delay in consensus building with different entities or devices in the network is lesser for the proposed approach as compared to the encryption/decryption-based approach used in Saia et al [19]
The results show that the delay in consensus building with different entities or devices in the network lesser for the theadvantages proposed of approach compared to the encryption/decryption-based
Summary
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer distributed data-ledger network constructed using consensus. This section has explored the state-of-the-art consensus algorithms, and existing blockchain-based systems or applications in healthcare. Various cryptographic challenge generation approaches are as follows [1,2]: Proof-of-Work (PoW): Nodes in BN put forward a challenge and a miner solves the challenge for verification. Resource consumption in generating a solution to a challenge could be one parameter selected for PoW. Proof-of-Elapsed Time (PoET): This concept is similar to PoW but concentrates more on-time consumption rather than resource utilization. The amount of stake spend in BN is another possible scenario for considering it for the validation process. This encourages more and more spending to become a validator
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