Abstract
A hermetic dense polymer-carbon composite-based current collector foil (PCCF) for lithium-ion battery applications was developed and evaluated in comparison to state-of-the-art aluminum (Al) foil collector. Water-processed LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LMNO) cathode and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode coatings with the integration of a thin carbon primer at the interface to the collector were prepared. Despite the fact that the laboratory manufactured PCCF shows a much higher film thickness of 55 µm compared to Al foil of 19 µm, the electrode resistance was measured to be by a factor of 5 lower compared to the Al collector, which was attributed to the low contact resistance between PCCF, carbon primer and electrode microstructure. The PCCF-C-primer collector shows a sufficient voltage stability up to 5 V vs. Li/Li+ and a negligible Li-intercalation loss into the carbon primer. Electrochemical cell tests demonstrate the applicability of the developed PCCF for LMNO and LTO electrodes, with no disadvantage compared to state-of-the-art Al collector. Due to a 50% lower material density, the lightweight and hermetic dense PCCF polymer collector offers the possibility to significantly decrease the mass loading of the collector in battery cells, which can be of special interest for bipolar battery architectures.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries play an important role in the development of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices
The results demonstrate that the developed Polymer-Carbon Collector Foil (PCCF) collector is compatible to the voltage range of Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) cathodes and compatible to higher voltage materials like LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LMNO) cathodes (5.0 V charging end potential), if long-term stable high-voltage liquid electrolytes are available
The results demonstrate, that Li4 Ti5 O12 (LTO) electrodes on PCCF collector show comparable cell performance compared to electrodes on Al collector
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries play an important role in the development of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Bipolar battery concepts [1,2] utilize the connection of multiple cells in series to form a battery stack. This approach avoids the use of numerous passive components and parts usually required for packaging as well as external electrical wiring, which lowers the overall electrical resistance, volume, weight, complexity and cost of the battery. Since anode and cathode operate in different cell potential ranges, the collector material has to be stable against corrosion in a wide voltage range (e.g., 0 to >5 V vs Li/Li+ ). State-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries use thin aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) foils as current collectors for cathode and anode, respectively [3,4]. That is why Al is only used as cathode collector or in combination with high voltage anodes like Li4 Ti5 O12 (~1.5 V vs. Li/Li+ )
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