Abstract
The first half of the report includes a description of the various types of lightweight aggregates, the properties of lightweight concrete, the history of the expanded-clay and -shale industry and production processes. Various theories on the causes of bloating are outlined and discussed. It is concluded that in most instances the chemical analysis of a material can be used to determine whether the liquid phase formed on heating will be of a viscosity to entrap bloating gases. The compounds that release bloating gas may be carbonates, organic matter, sulphates, sulphides, hydrous minerals, or ferric oxide. The laboratory equipment and test procedures are described, and a brief account of the Palaeozoic and Pleistocene geology of Ontario and Quebec is given. The second half of the report consists of brief descriptions of the 111 locations from which 211 samples there taken, and the results of the tests made. Fifty-five samples from 30 locations show promise of being suitable raw materials for production by the rotary kiln process. Some others might be used in the sintering process.
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