Lightweight broadband electromagnetic wave absorption achieved by a like-clustered CNTs spheres modified SiC nanowires

Abstract

Developing lightweight, broadband, and highly absorptive electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials by effectively utilizing the agglomeration effect of one-dimensional nanowires is challenging. In this work, a SiCnws/CNTs aerogel with a like-clustered CNTs sphere-modified SiCnws structure was prepared via simple freeze-drying and heat treatment techniques, where the CNTs content was controlled to adjust the quantity and volume of the CNTs spheres. This allows for effective regulation of the impedance matching characteristics and dielectric loss capability. Specifically, the SiCnws/CNTs aerogel exhibited remarkable dissipation of EM waves through the enhancement of the interface and dipole polarization, achieved by significantly increasing the presence of multiple interfaces and defects. Moreover, the aerogel structure induces conduction loss and amplifies multiple reflections and scattering, facilitating efficient dissipation of EM wave energy across multiple levels. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the SiCnws/CNTs aerogel (SN-3 sample) achieves −43.4 dB at 11.2 GHz with a matching thickness of 2.6 mm. Its effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) spans from the C band to the Ku band (7.4–18 GHz) at thicknesses ranging from 2.1 to 4.4 mm. Additionally, when the matching thickness is 3.4 mm, the broadened EAB extends up to 9.8 GHz (covering the whole X and Ku bands). Furthermore, CST simulations clearly demonstrate a remarkable suppression of the incident EM wave by the samples under real-world conditions, with a substantial reduction of 42.5 dBm2 in the RCS. Considering this, SiCnws/CNTs aerogel materials pave the way for new opportunities in lightweight, broadband, and high-absorption materials.