Lightweight and Privacy-Preserving Charging Reservation Authentication Protocol for 5G-V2G

Abstract

To compensate for the lack of charging equipment, the charging reservation mechanism has been employed in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system, which is vulnerable to some potential risks, such as privacy disclosure, identity impersonation, hardware modification, and so on. In this paper, we first introduce a 5G-V2G system that integrates the 5G network and the power grid to enable the remote transmission of reservation information. On this basis, we propose a scalable reservation authentication and key agreement protocol that can support access of flexible number and guarantee the confidentiality and privacy of critical reservation data. The proposed protocol uses lightweight algorithms like reverse fuzzy extraction to offload the computation overhead on the EVs and embeds physical unclonable function (PUF) in the outfield equipment to resist physical attacks. We evaluate the security properties of the proposed protocol by the formal analysis tool AVISPA and compare it with the existing schemes in terms of computing overhead, transmission overhead, signaling overhead, and security. The comprehensive results indicate that our protocol performs better in all aspects and has higher reliability and scalability. In practice, our protocol can assist the 5G charging reservation mechanism to complete efficient, lightweight, and privacy-preserving reservation information collection and authentication.